NAD+ LONGEVITY PEN - 1000/500 mg

IMPORTANT PACKAGING INFORMATION
To help keep costs affordable for our customers, our pens come without elaborate packaging and are securely delivered with 10 pen needle tips included.
NAD⁺ – Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Coenzyme
 
 
NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a central metabolic coenzyme found in all living cells that plays essential roles in energy production, cellular repair, signalling, and homeostasis. It is not a peptide or protein, but a dinucleotide coenzyme composed of two nucleotides joined through phosphate groups — one containing an adenine base and the other a nicotinamide group. 
 
Technical & chemical data
 
Name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)  
Type: Coenzyme / dinucleotide (not a peptide)  
Composition: Two nucleotides linked by a pyrophosphate bridge — one with adenine and one with nicotinamide  
Oxidised form: NAD⁺; reduced form is NADH  
Molecular formula: C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂ (approximate for oxidised form)  
Physical properties: White, hygroscopic solid; highly water-soluble; stable when dry and protected from light  
UV absorbance: Peak at ~259 nm for NAD⁺ and additional absorbance for NADH at ~339 nm — useful for spectrophotometric assays in research.  
 
 
Biochemical functions
NAD⁺ is a core redox cofactor that cycles between its oxidised (NAD⁺) and reduced (NADH) forms to drive electron transfer in cellular metabolism:
 
Redox reactions: Accepts a hydride (H⁻) during oxidation of substrates (e.g., in glycolysis, TCA cycle), forming NADH, which feeds electrons into the electron transport chain for ATP generation.  
Energy metabolism: Central to oxidative phosphorylation and intermediary metabolism; essential for converting nutrients into usable cellular energy.  
Cofactor & signalling: Serves as a substrate for NAD⁺-dependent enzymes such as sirtuins, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), and CD38, linking NAD⁺ to DNA repair, gene expression, immune functions, and stress responses.  
Homeostasis & aging: Cellular NAD⁺ levels decline with age, and this decline is associated with metabolic dysfunction, reduced mitochondrial performance, and age-related diseases.  
 
 
Physiological & clinical context
 
Ubiquitous metabolite: Found in all cells — required for life and cellular survival.  
Health interest: Because of its roles in energy, DNA repair, and signalling, NAD⁺ and its precursors (e.g., nicotinamide riboside, nicotinamide mononucleotide) are being explored in research for metabolic health, aging biology, and regenerative medicine.  
Research & supplementation: Strategies to maintain or boost NAD⁺ (via precursors or tailored therapies) are subjects of active investigation, with evidence suggesting potential benefits for metabolic regulation, mitochondrial function, and cellular resilience — though robust clinical validation is ongoing.