MOT-C ENDURO PEN - 40mg

IMPORTANT PACKAGING INFORMATION
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MOT-c – Mitochondrial-Derived Regulatory Peptide
 
 
MOT-c (short for mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) consisting of 16 amino acids encoded by a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial genome. It functions as a cellular signaling peptide that links mitochondrial activity to nuclear gene expression and systemic metabolism. 
 
Technical & chemical data
 
Name: MOT-c (Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA-c)  
Peptide length: 16 amino acids  
Sequence: MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR (encoded by mitochondrial DNA)  
Molecular weight: ~2174 Da  
Origin: Encoded by mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and translated in the cytoplasm under certain conditions  
Physical form: Water-soluble peptide; typically supplied as lyophilised research material with high purity  
 
 
Mechanism of action
MOT-c acts as a mitochondrial signal molecule (mitokine) that helps relay metabolic status to the nucleus and other cellular systems. It can:
 
Activate AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) — a key regulator of energy balance, glucose uptake, and lipid metabolism.  
Modulate nuclear gene expression by translocating to the nucleus during metabolic stress and influencing stress-response and metabolic genes.  
Influence mitochondrial-nuclear communication, helping maintain cellular homeostasis under metabolic challenge.  
 
 
Biological & functional effects
MOTS-c has been studied primarily in preclinical research and emerging clinical contexts, where it has been associated with:
 
Improved metabolic regulation: Enhances glycolysis and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via AMPK-linked pathways.  
Insulin sensitivity: Reduces insulin resistance and improves glucose homeostasis in animal models.  
Fat metabolism & obesity modulation: In mice, MOT-c treatment can prevent diet-induced obesity and improve lipid handling.  
Response to exercise: Endogenous MOT-c levels increase in muscle and circulation during and after exercise, supporting metabolic adaptation and endurance.  
Inflammation & aging: Evidence suggests roles in reducing pro-inflammatory factors and supporting stress tolerance, with expression declining with age.  
Bone and immune function: Research indicates potential impacts on bone metabolism and immune regulation, though mechanisms remain under investigation.  
 
 
Summary
MOT-c is a mitochondrial-derived signalling peptide that helps regulate energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and cellular stress responses. Its activity bridges mitochondrial function with nuclear gene regulation, and it is increasingly studied for its potential roles in metabolic health, exercise adaptation, and age-related dysfunction.